perlos390

PERLOS390(1) Perl Programmers Reference Guide PERLOS390(1)

NAME
README.os390 - building and installing Perl for OS/390 and z/OS

SYNOPSIS
This document will help you Configure, build, test and install Perl on
OS/390 (aka z/OS) Unix System Services.

DESCRIPTION
This is a fully ported Perl for OS/390 Version 2 Release 3, 5, 6, 7, 8,
and 9. It may work on other versions or releases, but those are the
ones we've tested it on.

You may need to carry out some system configuration tasks before run-
ning the Configure script for Perl.

Tools

The z/OS Unix Tools and Toys list may prove helpful and contains links
to ports of much of the software helpful for building Perl.
http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html

Unpacking Perl distribution on OS/390

If using ftp remember to transfer the distribution in binary format.

Gunzip/gzip for OS/390 is discussed at:

http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/faq/bpxqp1.html

to extract an ASCII tar archive on OS/390, try this:

pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r < latest.tar

zcat latest.tar.Z | pax -o to=IBM-1047,from=ISO8859-1 -r

If you get lots of errors of the form

tar: FSUM7171 ...: cannot set uid/gid: EDC5139I Operation not permitted.

you didn't read the above and tried to use tar instead of pax, you'll
first have to remove the (now corrupt) perl directory

rm -rf perl-...

and then use pax.

Setup and utilities for Perl on OS/390

Be sure that your yacc installation is in place including any necessary
parser template files. If you have not already done so then be sure to:

cp /samples/yyparse.c /etc

This may also be a good time to ensure that your /etc/protocol file and
either your /etc/resolv.conf or /etc/hosts files are in place. The IBM
document that described such USS system setup issues was SC28-1890-07
"OS/390 UNIX System Services Planning", in particular Chapter 6 on cus-
tomizing the OE shell.

GNU make for OS/390, which is recommended for the build of perl (as
well as building CPAN modules and extensions), is available from the
"Tools".

Some people have reported encountering "Out of memory!" errors while
trying to build Perl using GNU make binaries. If you encounter such
trouble then try to download the source code kit and build GNU make
from source to eliminate any such trouble. You might also find GNU
make (as well as Perl and Apache) in the red-piece/book "Open Source
Software for OS/390 UNIX", SG24-5944-00 from IBM.

If instead of the recommended GNU make you would like to use the system
supplied make program then be sure to install the default rules file
properly via the shell command:

cp /samples/startup.mk /etc

and be sure to also set the environment variable _C89_CCMODE=1 (export-
ing _C89_CCMODE=1 is also a good idea for users of GNU make).

You might also want to have GNU groff for OS/390 installed before run-
ning the `make install` step for Perl.

There is a syntax error in the /usr/include/sys/socket.h header file
that IBM supplies with USS V2R7, V2R8, and possibly V2R9. The problem
with the header file is that near the definition of the SO_REUSEPORT
constant there is a spurious extra '/' character outside of a comment
like so:

#define SO_REUSEPORT 0x0200 /* allow local address & port
reuse */ /

You could edit that header yourself to remove that last '/', or you
might note that Language Environment (LE) APAR PQ39997 describes the
problem and PTF's UQ46272 and UQ46271 are the (R8 at least) fixes and
apply them. If left unattended that syntax error will turn up as an
inability for Perl to build its "Socket" extension.

For successful testing you may need to turn on the sticky bit for your
world readable /tmp directory if you have not already done so (see man
chmod).

Configure Perl on OS/390

Once you've unpacked the distribution, run "sh Configure" (see INSTALL
for a full discussion of the Configure options). There is a "hints"
file for os390 that specifies the correct values for most things. Some
things to watch out for include:

o A message of the form:

(I see you are using the Korn shell. Some ksh's blow up on Configure,
mainly on older exotic systems. If yours does, try the Bourne shell instead.)

is nothing to worry about at all.

o Some of the parser default template files in /samples are needed in
/etc. In particular be sure that you at least copy /sam-
ples/yyparse.c to /etc before running Perl's Configure. This step
ensures successful extraction of EBCDIC versions of parser files
such as perly.c, perly.h, and x2p/a2p.c. This has to be done
before running Configure the first time. If you failed to do so
then the easiest way to re-Configure Perl is to delete your miscon-
figured build root and re-extract the source from the tar ball.
Then you must ensure that /etc/yyparse.c is properly in place
before attempting to re-run Configure.

o This port will support dynamic loading, but it is not selected by
default. If you would like to experiment with dynamic loading then
be sure to specify -Dusedl in the arguments to the Configure
script. See the comments in hints/os390.sh for more information on
dynamic loading. If you build with dynamic loading then you will
need to add the $archlibexp/CORE directory to your LIBPATH environ-
ment variable in order for perl to work. See the config.sh file
for the value of $archlibexp. If in trying to use Perl you see an
error message similar to:

CEE3501S The module libperl.dll was not found.
From entry point __dllstaticinit at compile unit offset +00000194 at

then your LIBPATH does not have the location of libperl.x and
either libperl.dll or libperl.so in it. Add that directory to your
LIBPATH and proceed.

o Do not turn on the compiler optimization flag "-O". There is a bug
in either the optimizer or perl that causes perl to not work cor-
rectly when the optimizer is on.

o Some of the configuration files in /etc used by the networking APIs
are either missing or have the wrong names. In particular, make
sure that there's either an /etc/resolv.conf or an /etc/hosts, so
that gethostbyname() works, and make sure that the file /etc/proto
has been renamed to /etc/protocol (NOT /etc/protocols, as used by
other Unix systems). You may have to look for things like HOSTNAME
and DOMAINORIGIN in the "//'SYS1.TCPPARMS(TCPDATA)'" PDS member in
order to properly set up your /etc networking files.

Build, Test, Install Perl on OS/390

Simply put:

sh Configure
make
make test

if everything looks ok (see the next section for test/IVP diagnosis)
then:

make install

this last step may or may not require UID=0 privileges depending on how
you answered the questions that Configure asked and whether or not you
have write access to the directories you specified.

Build Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

"Out of memory!" messages during the build of Perl are most often fixed
by re building the GNU make utility for OS/390 from a source code kit.

Another memory limiting item to check is your MAXASSIZE parameter in
your 'SYS1.PARMLIB(BPXPRMxx)' data set (note too that as of V2R8
address space limits can be set on a per user ID basis in the USS seg-
ment of a RACF profile). People have reported successful builds of
Perl with MAXASSIZE parameters as small as 503316480 (and it may be
possible to build Perl with a MAXASSIZE smaller than that).

Within USS your /etc/profile or $HOME/.profile may limit your ulimit
settings. Check that the following command returns reasonable values:

ulimit -a

To conserve memory you should have your compiler modules loaded into
the Link Pack Area (LPA/ELPA) rather than in a link list or step lib.

If the c89 compiler complains of syntax errors during the build of the
Socket extension then be sure to fix the syntax error in the system
header /usr/include/sys/socket.h.

Testing Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

The `make test` step runs a Perl Verification Procedure, usually before
installation. You might encounter STDERR messages even during a suc-
cessful run of `make test`. Here is a guide to some of the more com-
monly seen anomalies:

o A message of the form:

comp/cpp.............ERROR CBC3191 ./.301989890.c:1 The character $ is not a
valid C source character.
FSUM3065 The COMPILE step ended with return code 12.
FSUM3017 Could not compile .301989890.c. Correct the errors and try again.
ok

indicates that the t/comp/cpp.t test of Perl's -P command line
switch has passed but that the particular invocation of c89 -E in
the cpp script does not suppress the C compiler check of source
code validity.

o A message of the form:

io/openpid...........CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
CEE5210S The signal SIGHUP was received.
ok

indicates that the t/io/openpid.t test of Perl has passed but done
so with extraneous messages on stderr from CEE.

o A message of the form:

lib/ftmp-security....File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe
(sticky bit not set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
File::Temp::_gettemp: Parent directory (/tmp/) is not safe (sticky bit not
set when world writable?) at lib/ftmp-security.t line 100
ok

indicates a problem with the permissions on your /tmp directory
within the HFS. To correct that problem issue the command:

chmod a+t /tmp

from an account with write access to the directory entry for /tmp.

o Out of Memory!

Recent perl test suite is quite memory hunrgy. In addition to the
comments above on memory limitations it is also worth checking for
_CEE_RUNOPTS in your environment. Perl now has (in miniperlmain.c)
a C #pragma to set CEE run options, but the environment variable
wins.

The C code asks for:

#pragma runopts(HEAP(2M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K) STACK(,,ANY,) ALL31(ON))

The important parts of that are the second argument (the increment)
to HEAP, and allowing the stack to be "Above the (16M) line". If
the heap increment is too small then when perl (for example loading
unicode/Name.pl) tries to create a "big" (400K+) string it cannot
fit in a single segment and you get "Out of Memory!" - even if
there is still plenty of memory available.

A related issue is use with perl's malloc. Perl's malloc uses
"sbrk()" to get memory, and "sbrk()" is limited to the first allo-
cation so in this case something like:

HEAP(8M,500K,ANYWHERE,KEEP,8K,4K)

is needed to get through the test suite.

Installation Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

The installman script will try to run on OS/390. There will be fewer
errors if you have a roff utility installed. You can obtain GNU groff
from the Redbook SG24-5944-00 ftp site.

Usage Hints for Perl on OS/390

When using perl on OS/390 please keep in mind that the EBCDIC and ASCII
character sets are different. See perlebcdic.pod for more on such
character set issues. Perl builtin functions that may behave differ-
ently under EBCDIC are also mentioned in the perlport.pod document.

Open Edition (UNIX System Services) from V2R8 onward does support
#!/path/to/perl script invocation. There is a PTF available from IBM
for V2R7 that will allow shell/kernel support for #!. USS releases
prior to V2R7 did not support the #! means of script invocation. If
you are running V2R6 or earlier then see:

head `whence perldoc`

for an example of how to use the "eval exec" trick to ask the shell to
have Perl run your scripts on those older releases of Unix System Ser-
vices.

If you are having trouble with square brackets then consider switching
your rlogin or telnet client. Try to avoid older 3270 emulators and
ISHELL for working with Perl on USS.

Floating Point Anomalies with Perl on OS/390

There appears to be a bug in the floating point implementation on S/390
systems such that calling int() on the product of a number and a small
magnitude number is not the same as calling int() on the quotient of
that number and a large magnitude number. For example, in the follow-
ing Perl code:

my $x = 100000.0;
my $y = int($x * 1e-5) * 1e5; # '0'
my $z = int($x / 1e+5) * 1e5; # '100000'
print "\$y is $y and \$z is $z\n"; # $y is 0 and $z is 100000

Although one would expect the quantities $y and $z to be the same and
equal to 100000 they will differ and instead will be 0 and 100000
respectively.

The problem can be further examined in a roughly equivalent C program:

#include <stdio.h>
#include <math.h>
main()
{
double r1,r2;
double x = 100000.0;
double y = 0.0;
double z = 0.0;
x = 100000.0 * 1e-5;
r1 = modf (x,&y);
x = 100000.0 / 1e+5;
r2 = modf (x,&z);
printf("y is %e and z is %e\n",y*1e5,z*1e5);
/* y is 0.000000e+00 and z is 1.000000e+05 (with c89) */
}

Modules and Extensions for Perl on OS/390

Pure pure (that is non xs) modules may be installed via the usual:

perl Makefile.PL
make
make test
make install

If you built perl with dynamic loading capability then that would also
be the way to build xs based extensions. However, if you built perl
with the default static linking you can still build xs based extensions
for OS/390 but you will need to follow the instructions in ExtU-
tils::MakeMaker for building statically linked perl binaries. In the
simplest configurations building a static perl + xs extension boils
down to:

perl Makefile.PL
make
make perl
make test
make install
make -f Makefile.aperl inst_perl MAP_TARGET=perl

In most cases people have reported better results with GNU make rather
than the system's /bin/make program, whether for plain modules or for
xs based extensions.

If the make process encounters trouble with either compilation or link-
ing then try setting the _C89_CCMODE to 1. Assuming sh is your login
shell then run:

export _C89_CCMODE=1

If tcsh is your login shell then use the setenv command.

AUTHORS
David Fiander and Peter Prymmer with thanks to Dennis Longnecker and
William Raffloer for valuable reports, LPAR and PTF feedback. Thanks
to Mike MacIsaac and Egon Terwedow for SG24-5944-00. Thanks to Ignasi
Roca for pointing out the floating point problems. Thanks to John
Goodyear for dynamic loading help.

SEE ALSO
INSTALL, perlport, perlebcdic, ExtUtils::MakeMaker.

http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1toy.html

http://www.redbooks.ibm.com/abstracts/sg245944.html

http://www-1.ibm.com/servers/eserver/zseries/zos/unix/bpxa1ty1.html#opensrc

http://www.xray.mpe.mpg.de/mailing-lists/perl-mvs/

http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/ceea3030/

http://publibz.boulder.ibm.com:80/cgi-bin/bookmgr_OS390/BOOKS/CBCUG030/

Mailing list for Perl on OS/390

If you are interested in the VM/ESA, z/OS (formerly known as OS/390)
and POSIX-BC (BS2000) ports of Perl then see the perl-mvs mailing list.
To subscribe, send an empty message to perl-mvs-subscribe@perl.org.