Math::BigInt::Calc
Math::BigInt::Calc(3) Perl Programmers Reference Guide Math::BigInt::Calc(3)
NAME
Math::BigInt::Calc - Pure Perl module to support Math::BigInt
SYNOPSIS
Provides support for big integer calculations. Not intended to be used
by other modules. Other modules which sport the same functions can also
be used to support Math::BigInt, like Math::BigInt::GMP or Math::Big-
Int::Pari.
DESCRIPTION
In order to allow for multiple big integer libraries, Math::BigInt was
rewritten to use library modules for core math routines. Any module
which follows the same API as this can be used instead by using the
following:
use Math::BigInt lib => 'libname';
'libname' is either the long name ('Math::BigInt::Pari'), or only the
short version like 'Pari'.
STORAGE
METHODS
The following functions MUST be defined in order to support the use by
Math::BigInt v1.70 or later:
api_version() return API version, minimum 1 for v1.70
_new(string) return ref to new object from ref to decimal string
_zero() return a new object with value 0
_one() return a new object with value 1
_two() return a new object with value 2
_ten() return a new object with value 10
_str(obj) return ref to a string representing the object
_num(obj) returns a Perl integer/floating point number
NOTE: because of Perl numeric notation defaults,
the _num'ified obj may lose accuracy due to
machine-dependend floating point size limitations
_add(obj,obj) Simple addition of two objects
_mul(obj,obj) Multiplication of two objects
_div(obj,obj) Division of the 1st object by the 2nd
In list context, returns (result,remainder).
NOTE: this is integer math, so no
fractional part will be returned.
The second operand will be not be 0, so no need to
check for that.
_sub(obj,obj) Simple subtraction of 1 object from another
a third, optional parameter indicates that the params
are swapped. In this case, the first param needs to
be preserved, while you can destroy the second.
sub (x,y,1) => return x - y and keep x intact!
_dec(obj) decrement object by one (input is garant. to be > 0)
_inc(obj) increment object by one
_acmp(obj,obj) <=> operator for objects (return -1, 0 or 1)
_len(obj) returns count of the decimal digits of the object
_digit(obj,n) returns the n'th decimal digit of object
_is_one(obj) return true if argument is 1
_is_two(obj) return true if argument is 2
_is_ten(obj) return true if argument is 10
_is_zero(obj) return true if argument is 0
_is_even(obj) return true if argument is even (0,2,4,6..)
_is_odd(obj) return true if argument is odd (1,3,5,7..)
_copy return a ref to a true copy of the object
_check(obj) check whether internal representation is still intact
return 0 for ok, otherwise error message as string
_from_hex(str) return ref to new object from ref to hexadecimal string
_from_bin(str) return ref to new object from ref to binary string
_as_hex(str) return string containing the value as
unsigned hex string, with the '0x' prepended.
Leading zeros must be stripped.
_as_bin(str) Like as_hex, only as binary string containing only
zeros and ones. Leading zeros must be stripped and a
'0b' must be prepended.
_rsft(obj,N,B) shift object in base B by N 'digits' right
_lsft(obj,N,B) shift object in base B by N 'digits' left
_xor(obj1,obj2) XOR (bit-wise) object 1 with object 2
Note: XOR, AND and OR pad with zeros if size mismatches
_and(obj1,obj2) AND (bit-wise) object 1 with object 2
_or(obj1,obj2) OR (bit-wise) object 1 with object 2
_mod(obj,obj) Return remainder of div of the 1st by the 2nd object
_sqrt(obj) return the square root of object (truncated to int)
_root(obj) return the n'th (n >= 3) root of obj (truncated to int)
_fac(obj) return factorial of object 1 (1*2*3*4..)
_pow(obj,obj) return object 1 to the power of object 2
return undef for NaN
_zeros(obj) return number of trailing decimal zeros
_modinv return inverse modulus
_modpow return modulus of power ($x ** $y) % $z
_log_int(X,N) calculate integer log() of X in base N
X >= 0, N >= 0 (return undef for NaN)
returns (RESULT, EXACT) where EXACT is:
1 : result is exactly RESULT
0 : result was truncated to RESULT
undef : unknown whether result is exactly RESULT
_gcd(obj,obj) return Greatest Common Divisor of two objects
The following functions are optional, and can be defined if the under-
lying lib has a fast way to do them. If undefined, Math::BigInt will
use pure Perl (hence slow) fallback routines to emulate these:
_signed_or
_signed_and
_signed_xor
Input strings come in as unsigned but with prefix (i.e. as '123',
'0xabc' or '0b1101').
So the library needs only to deal with unsigned big integers. Testing
of input parameter validity is done by the caller, so you need not
worry about underflow (f.i. in "_sub()", "_dec()") nor about division
by zero or similar cases.
The first parameter can be modified, that includes the possibility that
you return a reference to a completely different object instead.
Although keeping the reference and just changing it's contents is pref-
ered over creating and returning a different reference.
Return values are always references to objects, strings, or true/false
for comparisation routines.
WRAP YOUR OWN
If you want to port your own favourite c-lib for big numbers to the
Math::BigInt interface, you can take any of the already existing mod-
ules as a rough guideline. You should really wrap up the latest BigInt
and BigFloat testsuites with your module, and replace in them any of
the following:
use Math::BigInt;
by this:
use Math::BigInt lib => 'yourlib';
This way you ensure that your library really works 100% within
Math::BigInt.
LICENSE
This program is free software; you may redistribute it and/or modify it
under the same terms as Perl itself.
AUTHORS
Original math code by Mark Biggar, rewritten by Tels <http://blood-
gate.com/> in late 2000. Seperated from BigInt and shaped API with the
help of John Peacock. Fixed, sped-up and enhanced by Tels
http://bloodgate.com 2001-2003. Further streamlining (api_version 1)
by Tels 2004.
SEE ALSO
Math::BigInt, Math::BigFloat, Math::BigInt::BitVect, Math::BigInt::GMP,
Math::BigInt::FastCalc and Math::BigInt::Pari.
perl v5.8.6 2001-09-21 Math::BigInt::Calc(3)
