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curl

curl(1)                           Curl Manual                          curl(1)



NAME
       curl - transfer a URL

SYNOPSIS
       curl [options] [URL...]

DESCRIPTION
       curl  is  a  client  to get documents/files from or send documents to a
       server, using any of the supported protocols (HTTP, HTTPS, FTP, GOPHER,
       DICT,  TELNET,  LDAP  or FILE). The command is designed to work without
       user interaction or any kind of interactivity.

       curl offers a busload of useful tricks like proxy support, user authen-
       tication,  ftp  upload,  HTTP  post, SSL (https:) connections, cookies,
       file transfer resume and more.

URL
       The URL syntax is protocol dependent. You'll find a  detailed  descrip-
       tion in RFC 2396.

       You  can  specify  multiple  URLs or parts of URLs by writing part sets
       within braces as in:

        http://site.{one,two,three}.com

       or you can get sequences of alphanumeric series by using [] as in:

        ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[1-100].txt
        ftp://ftp.numericals.com/file[001-100].txt    (with leading zeros)
        ftp://ftp.letters.com/file[a-z].txt

       It is possible to specify up to 9 sets or series  for  a  URL,  but  no
       nesting is supported at the moment:

        http://www.any.org/archive[1996-1999]/vol-
       ume[1-4]part{a,b,c,index}.html

       You can specify any amount of URLs on the command line.  They  will  be
       fetched in a sequential manner in the specified order.

       Curl will attempt to re-use connections for multiple file transfers, so
       that getting many files from the same server will not do multiple  con-
       nects / handshakes. This improves speed. Of course this is only done on
       files specified on a single command line and  cannot  be  used  between
       separate curl invokes.

OPTIONS
       -a/--append
              (FTP)  When  used in a ftp upload, this will tell curl to append
              to the target file  instead  of  overwriting  it.  If  the  file
              doesn't exist, it will be created.

              If this option is used twice, the second one will disable append
              mode again.

       -A/--user-agent <agent string>
              (HTTP) Specify the User-Agent string to send to the HTTP server.
              Some  badly  done CGIs fail if its not set to "Mozilla/4.0".  To
              encode blanks in the string, surround  the  string  with  single
              quote  marks.  This can also be set with the -H/--header flag of
              course.

              If this option is set more than once, the last one will  be  the
              one that's used.

       -b/--cookie <name=data>
              (HTTP)  Pass the data to the HTTP server as a cookie. It is sup-
              posedly the data previously received from the server in a  "Set-
              Cookie:"  line.  The data should be in the format "NAME1=VALUE1;
              NAME2=VALUE2".

              If no '=' letter is used in the line, it is treated as  a  file-
              name  to  use to read previously stored cookie lines from, which
              should be used in this session if they match. Using this  method
              also  activates  the "cookie parser" which will make curl record
              incoming cookies too, which may be handy if you're using this in
              combination  with  the  -L/--location option. The file format of
              the file to read cookies from should be plain  HTTP  headers  or
              the Netscape/Mozilla cookie file format.

              NOTE  that  the  file specified with -b/--cookie is only used as
              input. No cookies will be stored in the file. To store  cookies,
              save the HTTP headers to a file using -D/--dump-header!

              If  this  option is set more than once, the last one will be the
              one that's used.

       -B/--use-ascii
              Use ASCII transfer when getting an FTP file or  LDAP  info.  For
              FTP,  this  can  also be enforced by using an URL that ends with
              ";type=A". This option causes data sent to stdout to be in  text
              mode for win32 systems.

              If  this option is used twice, the second one will disable ASCII
              usage.

       --ciphers <list of ciphers>
              (SSL) Specifies which ciphers to use in the connection. The list
              of  ciphers  must  be using valid ciphers. Read up on SSL cipher
              list          details           on           this           URL:
              http://www.openssl.org/docs/apps/ciphers.html  (Option  added in
              curl 7.9)

              If this option is used severl times, the last one will  override
              the others.

       --connect-timeout <seconds>
              Maximum  time  in  seconds  that you allow the connection to the
              server to take.  This only limits  the  connection  phase,  once
              curl  has  connected this option is of no more use. See also the
              --max-time option.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -c/--cookie-jar <file name>
              Specify to which file you want curl to write all cookies after a
              completed operation. Curl writes  all  cookies  previously  read
              from  a  specified  file  as  well  as all cookies received from
              remote server(s). If no cookies are known, no file will be writ-
              ten.  The  file  will  be written using the Netscape cookie file
              format. If you set the file name to  a  single  dash,  "-",  the
              cookies will be written to stdout. (Option added in curl 7.9)

              If  this  option  is  used several times, the last specfied file
              name will be used.

       -C/--continue-at <offset>
              Continue/Resume a previous file transfer at  the  given  offset.
              The  given  offset  is  the  exact  number of bytes that will be
              skipped counted from the beginning of the source file before  it
              is transfered to the destination.  If used with uploads, the ftp
              server command SIZE will not be used by curl.

              Use "-C -" to tell curl to automatically find out  where/how  to
              resume  the  transfer. It then uses the given output/input files
              to figure that out.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --crlf (FTP) Convert LF to CRLF in upload. Useful for MVS (OS/390).

              If this option is used twice, the second will again disable crlf
              converting.

       -d/--data <data>
              (HTTP) Sends the specified data in a POST request  to  the  HTTP
              server,  in  a way that can emulate as if a user has filled in a
              HTML form and pressed the submit button. Note that the  data  is
              sent  exactly  as  specified  with no extra processing (with all
              newlines cut off).  The data is expected  to  be  "url-encoded".
              This  will  cause  curl to pass the data to the server using the
              content-type application/x-www-form-urlencoded. Compare  to  -F.
              If  more  than  one -d/--data option is used on the same command
              line, the data pieces specified will be merged together  with  a
              separating &-letter. Thus, using '-d name=daniel -d skill=lousy'
              would    generate    a    post    chunk    that    looks    like
              'name=daniel&skill=lousy'.

              If  you  start  the data with the letter @, the rest should be a
              file name to read the data from, or - if you want curl  to  read
              the  data  from stdin.  The contents of the file must already be
              url-encoded. Multiple files can also be specified. Posting  data
              from a file named 'foobar' would thus be done with "--data @foo-
              bar".

              To post data purely binary, you should instead use  the  --data-
              binary option.

              -d/--data is the same as --data-ascii.

              If  this  option  is  used several times, the ones following the
              first will append data.

       --data-ascii <data>
              (HTTP) This is an alias for the -d/--data option.

              If this option is used several times,  the  ones  following  the
              first will append data.

       --data-binary <data>
              (HTTP) This posts data in a similar manner as --data-ascii does,
              although when using this option the entire context of the posted
              data  is  kept  as-is. If you want to post a binary file without
              the strip-newlines feature of the --data-ascii option,  this  is
              for you.

              If  this  option  is  used several times, the ones following the
              first will append data.

       --disable-epsv
              (FTP) Tell curl to disable the use  of  the  EPSV  command  when
              doing  passive  FTP  downloads.  Curl will normally always first
              attempt to use EPSV before PASV, but with this option,  it  will
              not try using EPSV.

              If  this  option  is  used  several  times, each occurrence will
              toggle this on/off.

       -D/--dump-header <file>
              Write the protocol headers to the specified file.

              This option is handy to use when you want to store  the  cookies
              that a HTTP site sends to you. The cookies could then be read in
              a second curl invoke by using the -b/--cookie option!

              When used on FTP, the ftp server response lines  are  considered
              being "headers" and thus are saved there.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -e/--referer <URL>
              (HTTP) Sends the "Referer Page" information to the HTTP  server.
              This  can also be set with the -H/--header flag of course.  When
              used with -L/--location you can append ";auto"  to  the  referer
              URL to make curl automatically set the previous URL when it fol-
              lows a Location: header. The ";auto" string can be  used  alone,
              even if you don't set an initial referer.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --environment
              (RISC OS ONLY) Sets a range of environment variables, using  the
              names the -w option supports, to easier allow extraction of use-
              ful information after having run curl.

              If this option is used several times, each occurrence will  tog-
              gle this on/off.

       --egd-file <file>
              (HTTPS)  Specify  the  path name to the Entropy Gathering Daemon
              socket. The socket is used to seed the  random  engine  for  SSL
              connections. See also the --random-file option.

       -E/--cert <certificate[:password]>
              (HTTPS)  Tells  curl  to use the specified certificate file when
              getting a file with HTTPS. The certificate must be in  PEM  for-
              mat.   If  the  optional  password  isn't  specified, it will be
              queried for on the terminal. Note that this certificate  is  the
              private key and the private certificate concatenated!

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --cacert <CA certificate>
              (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate file to ver-
              ify the peer. The file may contain multiple CA certificates. The
              certificate(s) must be in PEM format.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --capath <CA certificate directory>
              (HTTPS) Tells curl to use the specified certificate directory to
              verify the peer. The certificates must be in PEM format, and the
              directory  must  have  been processed using the c_rehash utility
              supplied with openssl. Certificate directories are not supported
              under  Windows  (because c_rehash uses symbolink links to create
              them). Using --capath can allow curl to make  https  connections
              much  more  efficiently than using --cacert if the --cacert file
              contains many CA certificates.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -f/--fail
              (HTTP)  Fail  silently (no output at all) on server errors. This
              is mostly done like this to better enable scripts etc to  better
              deal  with  failed  attempts. In normal cases when a HTTP server
              fails to deliver a document, it returns a HTML document  stating
              so  (which  often  also  describes why and more). This flag will
              prevent curl from outputting that and fail silently instead.

              If this option is used twice,  the  second  will  again  disable
              silent failure.

       -F/--form <name=content>
              (HTTP)  This  lets curl emulate a filled in form in which a user
              has pressed the submit button. This causes  curl  to  POST  data
              using the content-type multipart/form-data according to RFC1867.
              This enables uploading of binary files etc. To force  the  'con-
              tent' part to be be a file, prefix the file name with an @ sign.
              To just get the content part from a file, prefix the  file  name
              with the letter <. The difference between @ and < is then that @
              makes a file get attached in the post as a  file  upload,  while
              the < makes a text field and just get the contents for that text
              field from a file.

              Example, to send your password file to the server, where  'pass-
              word' is the name of the form-field to which /etc/passwd will be
              the input:

              curl -F password=@/etc/passwd www.mypasswords.com

              To read the file's content from stdin insted of a  file,  use  -
              where  the  file name should've been. This goes for both @ and <
              constructs.

              This option can be used multiple times.

       -g/--globoff
              This option switches off the "URL globbing parser". When you set
              this  option, you can specify URLs that contain the letters {}[]
              without having them being interpreted by curl itself. Note  that
              these  letters are not normal legal URL contents but they should
              be encoded according to the URI standard.

       -G/--get
              When used,  this  option  will  make  all  data  specified  with
              -d/--data  or  --data-binary  to  be  used in a HTTP GET request
              instead of the POST request that otherwise would  be  used.  The
              data  will be appended to the URL with a '?'  separator. (Option
              added in curl 7.9)

              If used in combination with -I, the POST data  will  instead  be
              appended to the URL with a HEAD request.

              If used multiple times, nothing special happens.

       -h/--help
              Usage help.

       -H/--header <header>
              (HTTP)  Extra  header  to  use  when getting a web page. You may
              specify any number of extra headers. Note that if you should add
              a  custom  header  that has the same name as one of the internal
              ones curl would use, your externally set  header  will  be  used
              instead of the internal one. This allows you to make even trick-
              ier stuff than curl would normally do. You  should  not  replace
              internally  set  headers  without  knowing  perfectly  well what
              you're doing. Replacing an internal header with one without con-
              tent  on  the  right  side of the colon will prevent that header
              from appearing.

              This option can be used  multiple  times  to  add/replace/remove
              multiple headers.

       -i/--include
              (HTTP)  Include  the  HTTP-header in the output. The HTTP-header
              includes things like server-name, date of  the  document,  HTTP-
              version and more...

              If  this  option  is  used  twice, the second will again disable
              header include.

       --interface <name>
              Perform an operation using a specified interface. You can  enter
              interface  name,  IP address or host name. An example could look
              like:

              curl --interface eth0:1 http://www.netscape.com/

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -I/--head
              (HTTP/FTP)  Fetch the HTTP-header only! HTTP-servers feature the
              command HEAD which this uses to get nothing but the header of  a
              document.  When  used on a FTP file, curl displays the file size
              only.

              If this option is used twice,  the  second  will  again  disable
              header only.

       -j/--junk-session-cookies
              (HTTP) When curl is told to read cookies from a given file, this
              option will make it discard all  "session  cookies".  This  will
              basicly  have  the  same  effect as if a new session is started.
              Typical browsers always discard  session  cookies  when  they're
              closed down. (Added in 7.9.7)

              If  this option is used several times, each occurrence will tog-
              gle this on/off.

       --krb4 <level>
              (FTP) Enable kerberos4 authentication and use. The level must be
              entered  and should be one of 'clear', 'safe', 'confidential' or
              'private'. Should you use a level that  is  not  one  of  these,
              'private' will instead be used.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -K/--config <config file>
              Specify which config file to read curl arguments from. The  con-
              fig  file  is a text file in which command line arguments can be
              written which then will be used as if they were written  on  the
              actual command line. Options and their parameters must be speci-
              fied on the same config file line. If the parameter is  to  con-
              tain white spaces, the parameter must be inclosed within quotes.
              If the first column of a config line is  a  '#'  character,  the
              rest of the line will be treated as a comment.

              Specify  the  filename  as  '-'  to make curl read the file from
              stdin.

              Note that to be able to specify a URL in the  config  file,  you
              need  to  specify  it  using the --url option, and not by simply
              writing the URL on its own line. So, it could  look  similar  to
              this:

              url = "http://curl.haxx.se/docs/"

              This option can be used multiple times.

       -l/--list-only
              (FTP)  When listing an FTP directory, this switch forces a name-
              only view.  Especially useful if you want to  machine-parse  the
              contents  of  an  FTP  directory since the normal directory view
              doesn't use a standard look or format.

              This option causes an FTP NLST command to  be  sent.   Some  FTP
              servers  list  only files in their response to NLST; they do not
              include subdirectories and symbolic links.

              If this option is used twice, the second will again disable list
              only.

       -L/--location
              (HTTP/HTTPS) If the server reports that the requested page has a
              different location (indicated with the  header  line  Location:)
              this  flag will let curl attempt to reattempt the get on the new
              place. If  used  together  with  -i  or  -I,  headers  from  all
              requested  pages will be shown. If this flag is used when making
              a HTTP POST, curl will automatically switch  to  GET  after  the
              initial POST has been done.

              If  this  option  is  used  twice, the second will again disable
              location following.

       -m/--max-time <seconds>
              Maximum time in seconds that you allow the  whole  operation  to
              take.   This is useful for preventing your batch jobs from hang-
              ing for hours due to slow networks or links  going  down.   This
              doesn't  work  fully  in win32 systems.  See also the --connect-
              timeout option.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -M/--manual
              Manual. Display the huge help text.

       -n/--netrc
              Makes curl scan the .netrc file in the user's home directory for
              login name and password. This is typically used for ftp on unix.
              If  used  with  http,  curl will enable user authentication. See
              netrc(4) or ftp(1) for details on the file format. Curl will not
              complain  if  that  file hasn't the right permissions (it should
              not be world  nor  group  readable).  The  environment  variable
              "HOME" is used to find the home directory.

              A  quick  and  very  simple  example of how to setup a .netrc to
              allow curl to ftp to the machine host.domain.com with user  name
              'myself' and password 'secret' should look similar to:

              machine host.domain.com login myself password secret

              If  this  option  is  used  twice, the second will again disable
              netrc usage.

       -N/--no-buffer
              Disables the buffering of the output stream. In normal work sit-
              uations,  curl  will  use a standard buffered output stream that
              will have the effect that it will output the data in chunks, not
              necessarily  exactly  when  the data arrives.  Using this option
              will disable that buffering.

              If this option is used twice, the second will  again  switch  on
              buffering.

       -o/--output <file>
              Write output to <file> instead of stdout. If you are using {} or
              [] to fetch multiple documents, you can use '#'  followed  by  a
              number  in  the <file> specifier. That variable will be replaced
              with the current string for the URL being fetched. Like in:

                curl http://{one,two}.site.com -o "file_#1.txt"

              or use several variables like:

                curl http://{site,host}.host[1-5].com -o "#1_#2"

              You may use this option as many times  as  you  have  number  of
              URLs.

       -O/--remote-name
              Write  output to a local file named like the remote file we get.
              (Only the file part of the remote file is used, the path is  cut
              off.)

              You  may  use  this  option  as many times as you have number of
              URLs.

       -p/--proxytunnel
              When an HTTP proxy is used, this option will cause non-HTTP pro-
              tocols  to attempt to tunnel through the proxy instead of merely
              using it to do HTTP-like operations. The tunnel approach is made
              with  the HTTP proxy CONNECT request and requires that the proxy
              allows direct connect to the remote port number  curl  wants  to
              tunnel through to.

              If  this  option  is  used  twice, the second will again disable
              proxy tunnel.

       -P/--ftpport <address>
              (FTP) Reverses the initiator/listener roles when connecting with
              ftp.  This  switch  makes  Curl  use the PORT command instead of
              PASV. In practice, PORT tells  the  server  to  connect  to  the
              client's  specified address and port, while PASV asks the server
              for an ip address and port to connect to.  <address>  should  be
              one of:

              interface   i.e  "eth0"  to specify which interface's IP address
                          you want to use  (Unix only)

              IP address  i.e "192.168.10.1" to specify exact IP number

              host name   i.e "my.host.domain" to specify machine

              -           (any single-letter  string)  to  make  it  pick  the
                          machine's default

       If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -q     If  used  as  the  first  parameter  on  the  command  line, the
              $HOME/.curlrc file will not be read and used as a config file.

       -Q/--quote <comand>
              (FTP) Send an arbitrary command to the  remote  FTP  server,  by
              using  the  QUOTE command of the server. Not all servers support
              this command, and the set of QUOTE commands are server specific!
              Quote  commands are sent BEFORE the transfer is taking place. To
              make commands take place after  a  successful  transfer,  prefix
              them  with a dash '-'. You may specify any amount of commands to
              be run before and after the  transfer.  If  the  server  returns
              failure  for  one  of the commands, the entire operation will be
              aborted.

              This option can be used multiple times.

       --random-file <file>
              (HTTPS) Specify the path name to file containing  what  will  be
              considered  as  random data. The data is used to seed the random
              engine for SSL connections.  See also the --edg-file option.

       -r/--range <range>
              (HTTP/FTP) Retrieve a byte range (i.e a partial document) from a
              HTTP/1.1  or  FTP server. Ranges can be specified in a number of
              ways.

              0-499     specifies the first 500 bytes

              500-999   specifies the second 500 bytes

              -500      specifies the last 500 bytes

              9500      specifies the bytes from offset 9500 and forward

              0-0,-1    specifies the first and last byte only(*)(H)

              500-700,600-799
                        specifies 300 bytes from offset 500(H)

              100-199,500-599
                        specifies two separate 100 bytes ranges(*)(H)

       (*) = NOTE that this will cause the server to reply  with  a  multipart
       response!

       You  should  also  be aware that many HTTP/1.1 servers do not have this
       feature enabled, so that when  you  attempt  to  get  a  range,  you'll
       instead get the whole document.

       FTP  range  downloads  only  support  the  simple  syntax  'start-stop'
       (optionally with one of the numbers omitted). It depends on the non-RFC
       command SIZE.

       If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -R/--remote-time
              When  used,  this  will  make  libcurl attempt to figure out the
              timestamp of the remote file, and if that is available make  the
              local file get that same timestamp.

              If  this  option  is  used  twice, the second time disables this
              again.

       -s/--silent
              Silent mode. Don't show progress meter or error messages.  Makes
              Curl mute.

              If  this  option  is  used  twice, the second will again disable
              mute.

       -S/--show-error
              When used with -s it makes curl show error message if it  fails.

              If this option is used twice, the second will again disable show
              error.

       --stderr <file>
              Redirect all writes to stderr to the specified file instead.  If
              the  file  name is a plain '-', it is instead written to stdout.
              This option has no point when you're using a shell  with  decent
              redirecting capabilities.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -t/--telnet-option <OPT=val>
              Pass options to the telnet protocol. Supported options are:

              TTYPE=<term> Sets the terminal type.

              XDISPLOC=<X display> Sets the X display location.

              NEW_ENV=<var,val> Sets an environment variable.

       -T/--upload-file <file>
              This transfers the specified local file to the  remote  URL.  If
              there is no file part in the specified URL, Curl will append the
              local file name. NOTE that you must use a trailing / on the last
              directory  to really prove to Curl that there is no file name or
              curl will think that your last directory name is the remote file
              name to use. That will most likely cause the upload operation to
              fail. If this is used on a http(s) server, the PUT command  will
              be used.

              Use  the file name "-" (a single dash) to use stdin instead of a
              given file.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --trace <file>
              Enables  a  full  trace  dump of all incoming and outgoing data,
              including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use
              "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
              (Added in curl 7.9.7)

       --trace-ascii <file>
              Enables a full trace dump of all  incoming  and  outgoing  data,
              including descriptive information, to the given output file. Use
              "-" as filename to have the output sent to stdout.

              This is very similar to --trace, but leaves out the hex part and
              only  shows  the ASCII part of the dump. It makes smaller output
              that might be easier to read for untrained humans.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.
              (Added in curl 7.9.7)

       -u/--user <user:password>
              Specify  user and password to use when fetching. See README.curl
              for detailed examples of how to use  this.  If  no  password  is
              specified, curl will ask for it interactively.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -U/--proxy-user <user:password>
              Specify user and password to use for Proxy authentication. If no
              password is specified, curl will ask for it interactively.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       --url <URL>
              Specify a URL to fetch. This option is  mostly  handy  when  you
              want to specify URL(s) in a config file.

              This  option  may  be used any number of times. To control where
              this URL is written, use the -o or the -O options.

       -v/--verbose
              Makes the fetching more  verbose/talkative.  Mostly  usable  for
              debugging.  Lines starting with '>' means data sent by curl, '<'
              means data received by curl that is hidden in normal  cases  and
              lines  starting with '*' means additional info provided by curl.

              If this option is used twice, the second will again disable ver-
              bose.

       -V/--version
              Displays  the  full version of curl, libcurl and other 3rd party
              libraries linked with the executable.

       -w/--write-out <format>
              Defines what to display after a completed and successful  opera-
              tion.  The  format is a string that may contain plain text mixed
              with any number of variables. The string  can  be  specified  as
              "string",  to  get  read  from  a particular file you specify it
              "@filename" and to tell curl to read the format from  stdin  you
              write "@-".

              The  variables  present in the output format will be substituted
              by the value or text that curl thinks fit, as  described  below.
              All  variables are specified like %{variable_name} and to output
              a normal % you just write them like %%. You can output a newline
              by  using \n, a carriage return with \r and a tab space with \t.

              NOTE: The %-letter is a special letter in the win32-environment,
              where  all  occurrences  of  %  must  be doubled when using this
              option.

              Available variables are at this point:

              url_effective  The URL that was fetched  last.  This  is  mostly
                             meaningful  if  you've  told curl to follow loca-
                             tion: headers.

              http_code      The numerical code that was  found  in  the  last
                             retrieved HTTP(S) page.

              time_total     The  total time, in seconds, that the full opera-
                             tion lasted. The time will be displayed with mil-
                             lisecond resolution.

              time_namelookup
                             The  time,  in  seconds,  it  took from the start
                             until the name resolving was completed.

              time_connect   The time, in seconds,  it  took  from  the  start
                             until  the  connect to the remote host (or proxy)
                             was completed.

              time_pretransfer
                             The time, in seconds,  it  took  from  the  start
                             until  the  file transfer is just about to begin.
                             This includes all pre-transfer commands and nego-
                             tiations that are specific to the particular pro-
                             tocol(s) involved.

              time_starttransfer
                             The time, in seconds,  it  took  from  the  start
                             until  the  first byte is just about to be trans-
                             fered. This includes  time_pretransfer  and  also
                             the  time  the  server  needs  to  calculate  the
                             result.

              size_download  The total amount of bytes that were downloaded.

              size_upload    The total amount of bytes that were uploaded.

              size_header    The total amount of bytes of the downloaded head-
                             ers.

              size_request   The  total  amount of bytes that were sent in the
                             HTTP request.

              speed_download The average download speed that curl measured for
                             the complete download.

              speed_upload   The  average  upload speed that curl measured for
                             the complete upload.

              content_type   The Content-Type of the  requested  document,  if
                             there was any. (Added in 7.9.5)

       If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -x/--proxy <proxyhost[:port]>
              Use  specified  HTTP proxy. If the port number is not specified,
              it is assumed at port 1080.

              Note that all operations that are performed over  a  HTTP  proxy
              will  transparantly  be converted to HTTP. It means that certain
              protocol specific operations might not be available. This is not
              the  case  if you can tunnel through the proxy, as done with the
              -p/--proxytunnel option.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -X/--request <command>
              (HTTP) Specifies a custom request to use when communicating with
              the HTTP server.  The specified request will be used instead  of
              the  standard  GET.  Read the HTTP 1.1 specification for details
              and explanations.

              (FTP) Specifies a custom FTP command to use instead of LIST when
              doing file lists with ftp.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -y/--speed-time <time>
              If a download is slower than speed-limit bytes per second during
              a speed-time period, the download gets aborted. If speed-time is
              used, the default speed-limit will be 1 unless set with -y.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -Y/--speed-limit <speed>
              If a download is slower than this given speed, in bytes per sec-
              ond, for speed-time seconds it gets aborted. speed-time  is  set
              with -Y and is 30 if not set.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -z/--time-cond <date expression>
              (HTTP) Request to get a file that has been modified  later  than
              the  given  time  and date, or one that has been modified before
              that time. The date expression can be all sorts of date  strings
              or  if  it  doesn't match any internal ones, it tries to get the
              time from a given file name instead!  See  the  GNU  date(1)  or
              curl_getdate(3) man pages for date expression details.

              Start the date expression with a dash (-) to make it request for
              a document that is older than the given date/time, default is  a
              document that is newer than the specified date/time.

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -Z/--max-redirs <num>
              Set  maximum  number  of  redirection-followings   allowed.   If
              -L/--location  is  used, this option can be used to prevent curl
              from following redirections "in absurdum".

              If this option is used several times, the last one will be used.

       -3/--sslv3
              (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 3 when negotiating with a
              remote SSL server.

       -2/--sslv2
              (HTTPS) Forces curl to use SSL version 2 when negotiating with a
              remote SSL server.

       -0/--http1.0
              (HTTP)  Forces curl to issue its requests using HTTP 1.0 instead
              of using its internally preferred: HTTP 1.1.

       -#/--progress-bar
              Make curl display progress information as a progress bar instead
              of the default statistics.

              If  this option is used twice, the second will again disable the
              progress bar.

FILES
       ~/.curlrc
              Default config file.


ENVIRONMENT
       http_proxy [protocol://]<host>[:port]
              Sets proxy server to use for HTTP.

       HTTPS_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
              Sets proxy server to use for HTTPS.

       FTP_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
              Sets proxy server to use for FTP.

       GOPHER_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
              Sets proxy server to use for GOPHER.

       ALL_PROXY [protocol://]<host>[:port]
              Sets proxy server to use if no protocol-specific proxy is set.

       NO_PROXY <comma-separated list of hosts>
              list of host names that shouldn't go through any proxy.  If  set
              to a asterisk

EXIT CODES
       There  exists  a bunch of different error codes and their corresponding
       error messages that may appear during bad conditions. At  the  time  of
       this writing, the exit codes are:

       1      Unsupported protocol. This build of curl has no support for this
              protocol.

       2      Failed to initialize.

       3      URL malformat. The syntax was not correct.

       4      URL user malformatted. The user-part of the URL syntax  was  not
              correct.

       5      Couldn't  resolve  proxy.  The  given  proxy  host  could not be
              resolved.

       6      Couldn't resolve host. The given remote host was not resolved.

       7      Failed to connect to host.

       8      FTP weird server reply.  The  server  sent  data  curl  couldn't
              parse.

       9      FTP access denied. The server denied login.

       10     FTP  user/password  incorrect.  Either  one  or  both  were  not
              accepted by the server.

       11     FTP weird PASS reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply sent to  the
              PASS request.

       12     FTP  weird USER reply. Curl couldn't parse the reply sent to the
              USER request.

       13     FTP weird PASV reply, Curl couldn't parse the reply sent to  the
              PASV request.

       14     FTP  weird  227  format.  Curl  couldn't  parse the 227-line the
              server sent.

       15     FTP can't get host. Couldn't resolve the host IP we got  in  the
              227-line.

       16     FTP  can't reconnect. Couldn't connect to the host we got in the
              227-line.

       17     FTP couldn't set binary.  Couldn't  change  transfer  method  to
              binary.

       18     Partial file. Only a part of the file was transfered.

       19     FTP couldn't RETR file. The RETR command failed.

       20     FTP write error. The transfer was reported bad by the server.

       21     FTP quote error. A quote command returned error from the server.

       22     HTTP not found. The requested page was not  found.  This  return
              code only appears if --fail is used.

       23     Write  error.  Curl couldn't write data to a local filesystem or
              similar.

       24     Malformat user. User name badly specified.

       25     FTP couldn't STOR file. The server denied the STOR operation.

       26     Read error. Various reading problems.

       27     Out of memory. A memory allocation request failed.

       28     Operation timeout. The specified  time-out  period  was  reached
              according to the conditions.

       29     FTP couldn't set ASCII. The server returned an unknown reply.

       30     FTP PORT failed. The PORT command failed.

       31     FTP couldn't use REST. The REST command failed.

       32     FTP  couldn't  use SIZE. The SIZE command failed. The command is
              an extension to the original FTP spec RFC 959.

       33     HTTP range error. The range "command" didn't work.

       34     HTTP post error. Internal post-request generation error.

       35     SSL connect error. The SSL handshaking failed.

       36     FTP bad download resume. Couldn't continue  an  earlier  aborted
              download.

       37     FILE couldn't read file. Failed to open the file. Permissions?

       38     LDAP cannot bind. LDAP bind operation failed.

       39     LDAP search failed.

       40     Library not found. The LDAP library was not found.

       41     Function not found. A required LDAP function was not found.

       42     Aborted by callback. An application told curl to abort the oper-
              ation.

       43     Internal error. A function was called with a bad parameter.

       44     Internal error. A function was called in a bad order.

       45     Interface error. A specified outgoing  interface  could  not  be
              used.

       46     Bad  password  entered.  An error was signaled when the password
              was entered.

       47     Too many redirects. When following redirects, curl hit the maxi-
              mum amount.

       48     Unknown TELNET option specified.

       49     Malformed telnet option.

       51     The remote peer's SSL certificate wasn't ok

       52     The  server  didn't  reply anything, which here is considered an
              error.

       XX     There will appear more error codes here in future releases.  The
              existing ones are meant to never change.

BUGS
       If you do find bugs, mail them to curl-bug@haxx.se.

AUTHORS / CONTRIBUTORS
       Daniel  Stenberg is the main author, but the whole list of contributors
       is found in the separate THANKS file.

WWW
       http://curl.haxx.se

FTP
       ftp://ftp.sunet.se/pub/www/utilities/curl/

SEE ALSO
       ftp(1), wget(1), snarf(1)



Curl 7.9.7                        7 May 2002                           curl(1)