ciphers
CIPHERS(1) OpenSSL CIPHERS(1)
NAME
ciphers - SSL cipher display and cipher list tool.
SYNOPSIS
openssl ciphers [-v] [-ssl2] [-ssl3] [-tls1] [cipherlist]
DESCRIPTION
The cipherlist command converts OpenSSL cipher lists into ordered SSL
cipher preference lists. It can be used as a test tool to determine the
appropriate cipherlist.
COMMAND OPTIONS
-v verbose option. List ciphers with a complete description of proto-
col version (SSLv2 or SSLv3; the latter includes TLS), key
exchange, authentication, encryption and mac algorithms used along
with any key size restrictions and whether the algorithm is classed
as an "export" cipher. Note that without the -v option, ciphers
may seem to appear twice in a cipher list; this is when similar
ciphers are available for SSL v2 and for SSL v3/TLS v1.
-ssl3
only include SSL v3 ciphers.
-ssl2
only include SSL v2 ciphers.
-tls1
only include TLS v1 ciphers.
-h, -?
print a brief usage message.
cipherlist
a cipher list to convert to a cipher preference list. If it is not
included then the default cipher list will be used. The format is
described below.
CIPHER LIST FORMAT
The cipher list consists of one or more cipher strings separated by
colons. Commas or spaces are also acceptable separators but colons are
normally used.
The actual cipher string can take several different forms.
It can consist of a single cipher suite such as RC4-SHA.
It can represent a list of cipher suites containing a certain algo-
rithm, or cipher suites of a certain type. For example SHA1 represents
all ciphers suites using the digest algorithm SHA1 and SSLv3 represents
all SSL v3 algorithms.
Lists of cipher suites can be combined in a single cipher string using
the + character. This is used as a logical and operation. For example
SHA1+DES represents all cipher suites containing the SHA1 and the DES
algorithms.
Each cipher string can be optionally preceded by the characters !, - or
+.
If ! is used then the ciphers are permanently deleted from the list.
The ciphers deleted can never reappear in the list even if they are
explicitly stated.
If - is used then the ciphers are deleted from the list, but some or
all of the ciphers can be added again by later options.
If + is used then the ciphers are moved to the end of the list. This
option doesn't add any new ciphers it just moves matching existing
ones.
If none of these characters is present then the string is just inter-
preted as a list of ciphers to be appended to the current preference
list. If the list includes any ciphers already present they will be
ignored: that is they will not moved to the end of the list.
Additionally the cipher string @STRENGTH can be used at any point to
sort the current cipher list in order of encryption algorithm key
length.
CIPHER STRINGS
The following is a list of all permitted cipher strings and their mean-
ings.
DEFAULT
the default cipher list. This is determined at compile time and is
normally ALL:!ADH:RC4+RSA:+SSLv2:@STRENGTH. This must be the first
cipher string specified.
COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT
the ciphers included in ALL, but not enabled by default. Currently
this is ADH. Note that this rule does not cover eNULL, which is not
included by ALL (use COMPLEMENTOFALL if necessary).
ALL all ciphers suites except the eNULL ciphers which must be explic-
itly enabled.
COMPLEMENTOFALL
the cipher suites not enabled by ALL, currently being eNULL.
HIGH
"high" encryption cipher suites. This currently means those with
key lengths larger than 128 bits.
MEDIUM
"medium" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 128 bit
encryption.
LOW "low" encryption cipher suites, currently those using 64 or 56 bit
encryption algorithms but excluding export cipher suites.
EXP, EXPORT
export encryption algorithms. Including 40 and 56 bits algorithms.
EXPORT40
40 bit export encryption algorithms
EXPORT56
56 bit export encryption algorithms.
eNULL, NULL
the "NULL" ciphers that is those offering no encryption. Because
these offer no encryption at all and are a security risk they are
disabled unless explicitly included.
aNULL
the cipher suites offering no authentication. This is currently the
anonymous DH algorithms. These cipher suites are vulnerable to a
"man in the middle" attack and so their use is normally
discouraged.
kRSA, RSA
cipher suites using RSA key exchange.
kEDH
cipher suites using ephemeral DH key agreement.
kDHr, kDHd
cipher suites using DH key agreement and DH certificates signed by
CAs with RSA and DSS keys respectively. Not implemented.
aRSA
cipher suites using RSA authentication, i.e. the certificates carry
RSA keys.
aDSS, DSS
cipher suites using DSS authentication, i.e. the certificates carry
DSS keys.
aDH cipher suites effectively using DH authentication, i.e. the cer-
tificates carry DH keys. Not implemented.
kFZA, aFZA, eFZA, FZA
ciphers suites using FORTEZZA key exchange, authentication, encryp-
tion or all FORTEZZA algorithms. Not implemented.
TLSv1, SSLv3, SSLv2
TLS v1.0, SSL v3.0 or SSL v2.0 cipher suites respectively.
DH cipher suites using DH, including anonymous DH.
ADH anonymous DH cipher suites.
AES cipher suites using AES.
3DES
cipher suites using triple DES.
DES cipher suites using DES (not triple DES).
RC4 cipher suites using RC4.
RC2 cipher suites using RC2.
IDEA
cipher suites using IDEA.
MD5 cipher suites using MD5.
SHA1, SHA
cipher suites using SHA1.
CIPHER SUITE NAMES
The following lists give the SSL or TLS cipher suites names from the
relevant specification and their OpenSSL equivalents. It should be
noted, that several cipher suite names do not include the authentica-
tion used, e.g. DES-CBC3-SHA. In these cases, RSA authentication is
used.
SSL v3.0 cipher suites.
SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA
SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA
SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
SSL_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA
SSL_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
SSL_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5
SSL_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
SSL_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA
SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_NULL_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_FORTEZZA_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
SSL_FORTEZZA_KEA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA Not implemented.
TLS v1.0 cipher suites.
TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_MD5 NULL-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_NULL_SHA NULL-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 RC4-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_RC4_128_SHA RC4-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_RC2_CBC_40_MD5 EXP-RC2-CBC-MD5
TLS_RSA_WITH_IDEA_CBC_SHA IDEA-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA DES-CBC3-SHA
TLS_DH_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA Not implemented.
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-DSS-DES-CBC3-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA EDH-RSA-DES-CBC3-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_RC4_40_MD5 EXP-ADH-RC4-MD5
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_RC4_128_MD5 ADH-RC4-MD5
TLS_DH_anon_EXPORT_WITH_DES40_CBC_SHA EXP-ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_3DES_EDE_CBC_SHA ADH-DES-CBC3-SHA
AES ciphersuites from RFC3268, extending TLS v1.0
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA AES128-SHA
TLS_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA AES256-SHA
TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES128-SHA
TLS_DH_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-DSS-AES256-SHA
TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES128-SHA
TLS_DH_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DH-RSA-AES256-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES128-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-DSS-AES256-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES128-SHA
TLS_DHE_RSA_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA DHE-RSA-AES256-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_128_CBC_SHA ADH-AES128-SHA
TLS_DH_anon_WITH_AES_256_CBC_SHA ADH-AES256-SHA
Additional Export 1024 and other cipher suites
Note: these ciphers can also be used in SSL v3.
TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_RSA_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-RC4-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_DES_CBC_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-DES-CBC-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_EXPORT1024_WITH_RC4_56_SHA EXP1024-DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
TLS_DHE_DSS_WITH_RC4_128_SHA DHE-DSS-RC4-SHA
SSL v2.0 cipher suites.
SSL_CK_RC4_128_WITH_MD5 RC4-MD5
SSL_CK_RC4_128_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC4-MD5
SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 RC2-MD5
SSL_CK_RC2_128_CBC_EXPORT40_WITH_MD5 EXP-RC2-MD5
SSL_CK_IDEA_128_CBC_WITH_MD5 IDEA-CBC-MD5
SSL_CK_DES_64_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC-MD5
SSL_CK_DES_192_EDE3_CBC_WITH_MD5 DES-CBC3-MD5
NOTES
The non-ephemeral DH modes are currently unimplemented in OpenSSL
because there is no support for DH certificates.
Some compiled versions of OpenSSL may not include all the ciphers
listed here because some ciphers were excluded at compile time.
EXAMPLES
Verbose listing of all OpenSSL ciphers including NULL ciphers:
openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:eNULL'
Include all ciphers except NULL and anonymous DH then sort by strength:
openssl ciphers -v 'ALL:!ADH:@STRENGTH'
Include only 3DES ciphers and then place RSA ciphers last:
openssl ciphers -v '3DES:+RSA'
Include all RC4 ciphers but leave out those without authentication:
openssl ciphers -v 'RC4:!COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT'
Include all chiphers with RSA authentication but leave out ciphers
without encryption.
openssl ciphers -v 'RSA:!COMPLEMENTOFALL'
SEE ALSO
s_client(1), s_server(1), ssl(3)
HISTORY
The COMPLENTOFALL and COMPLEMENTOFDEFAULT selection options were added
in version 0.9.7.
0.9.7a 2002-12-29 CIPHERS(1)
