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montage

montage(1)                                                          montage(1)



NAME
       montage - create a composite image by combining several separate images


SYNOPSIS
       montage [ options ...] file [ [ options ...] file ...] output_file


DESCRIPTION
       montage creates a composite image by combining several separate images.
       The  images are tiled on the composite image with the name of the image
       optionally appearing just below the individual tile.

       The composite image is constructed in the following manner. First, each
       image  specified on the command line, except for the last, is scaled to
       fit the maximum tile size. The maximum tile size by default is 120x120.
       It  can  be  modified  with  the  -geometry  command line argument or X
       resource. See Options for more information on command  line  arguments.
       See  X(1)  for  more information on X resources.  Note that the maximum
       tile size need not be a square.

       Next the composite image is initialized with the color specified by the
       -background  command  line argument or X resource. The width and height
       of the composite image is determined by the title specified, the  maxi-
       mum  tile  size, the number of tiles per row, the tile border width and
       height, the image border width, and the label  height.  The  number  of
       tiles  per  row  specifies how many images are to appear in each row of
       the composite image. The default is to have 5 tiles in each row  and  4
       tiles  in  each column of the composite.  A specific value is specified
       with -tile. The tile border width and  height,  and  the  image  border
       width  defaults  to the value of the X resource -borderwidth. It can be
       changed with the -borderwidth or -geometry command line argument  or  X
       resource.  The  label height is determined by the font you specify with
       the -font command line argument or X resource. If you do not specify  a
       font,  a  font  is  chosen that allows the name of the image to fit the
       maximum width of a tiled area.  The label colors is determined  by  the
       -background  and  -fill command line argument or X resource. Note, that
       if the background and pen colors are the same, labels will not  appear.

       Initially,  the  composite  image  title is placed at the top if one is
       specified (refer to -fill). Next, each image is set onto the  composite
       image,  surrounded  by  its  border  color, with its name centered just
       below it. The individual images are left-justified within the width  of
       the  tiled area.  The order of the images is the same as they appear on
       the command line unless the images have a scene  keyword.  If  a  scene
       number  is  specified in each image, then the images are tiled onto the
       composite in the order of their scene number. Finally, the  last  argu-
       ment  on  the command line is the name assigned to the composite image.
       By default, the image is written in the MIFF format and can  be  viewed
       or printed with display(1).


       Note,  that  if the number of tiles exceeds the default number of 20 (5
       per row, 4 per column), more than one composite image  is  created.  To
       ensure  a single image is produced, use -tile to increase the number of
       tiles to meet or exceed the number of input images.

       Finally, to create one or more empty spaces in the sequence  of  tiles,
       use the "NULL:" image format.

       Note,  a  composite  MIFF  image  displayed to an X server with display
       behaves differently than other images. You can think of  the  composite
       as  a visual image directory. Choose a particular tile of the composite
       and press a button to display it. See display(1) and miff(5)

EXAMPLES
       To create a montage of a cockatoo, a  parrot,  and  a  hummingbird  and
       write it to a file called birds, use:

           montage cockatoo.miff parrot.miff hummingbird.miff
                   birds.miff

       To  tile  several  bird  images  so that they are at most 256 pixels in
       width and 192 pixels in height, surrounded by a red border,  and  sepa-
       rated by 10 pixels of background color, use:

           montage -geometry 256x192+10+10 -bordercolor red
                   birds.* montage.miff

       To  create an unlabeled parrot image, 640 by 480 pixels, and surrounded
       by a border of black, use:

           montage -geometry 640x480 -bordercolor black
                   -label "" parrot.miff bird.miff

       To create an image of an eagle with a textured background, use:

           montage -texture bumps.jpg eagle.jpg eagle.png

       To join several GIF images together  without  any  extraneous  graphics
       (e.g.  no label, no shadowing, no surrounding tile frame), use:

           montage +frame +shadow +label -tile 5x1
                   -geometry 50x50+0+0 *.png joined.png

OPTIONS
       Any  option  you  specify on the command line remains in effect for the
       group of images following it, until the  group  is  terminated  by  the
       appearance  of  any option or -noop.  For example, to make a montage of
       three images, the first with 32 colors, the second  with  an  unlimited
       number of colors, and the third with only 16 colors, use:


            montage -colors 32 cockatoo.1 -noop cockatoo.2
                    -colors 16 cockatoo.3 cockatoos.miff

       For a more detailed description of each option, see ImageMagick(1).


       -adjoin
              join images into a single multi-image file

       -background <color>
              the background color

       -blur <radius>x<sigma>
              blur the image with a gaussian operator

       -bordercolor <color>
              the border color

       -borderwidth <geometry>
              the border width

       -cache <threshold>
              megabytes of memory available to the pixel cache

       -chop <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>{%}
              remove pixels from the interior of an image

       -colors <value>
              preferred number of colors in the image

       -colorspace <value>
              the type of colorspace

       -comment <string>
              annotate an image with a comment

       -compose <operator>
              the type of image composition

       -compress <type>
              the type of image compression

       -crop <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>{%}
              preferred size and location of the cropped image

       -debug enable debug printout

       -density <width>x<height>
              vertical and horizontal resolution in pixels of the image

       -depth <value>
              depth of the image

       -display <host:display[.screen]>
              specifies the X server to contact

       -dispose <method>
              GIF disposal method

       -dither
              apply Floyd/Steinberg error diffusion to the image

       -draw <string>
              annotate an image with one or more graphic primitives

       -encoding <type>
              specify the font encoding

       -endian <type>
              specify endianness (MSB or LSB) of output image

       -fill <color>
              color to use when filling a graphic primitive

       -filter <type>
              use this type of filter when resizing an image

       -font <name>
              use this font when annotating the image with text

       -frame <width>x<height>+<outer bevel width>+<inner bevel width>
              surround the image with an ornamental border

       -gamma <value>
              level of gamma correction

       -geometry <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>{%}{@} {!}{<}{>}
              preferred size and location of the Image window.

       -gravity <type>
              direction primitive  gravitates to when annotating the image.

       -help  print usage instructions

       -interlace <type>
              the type of interlacing scheme

       -label <name>
              assign a label to an image

       -matte store matte channel if the image has one

       -mattecolor <color>
              specify the matte color

       -mode <value>
              mode of operation

       -monochrome
              transform the image to black and white

       -noop  NOOP (no option)

       -page <width>x<height>{+-}<x>{+-}<y>{%}{!}{<}{>}
              size and location of an image canvas

       -pen <color>
              specify the pen color for drawing operations

       -pointsize <value>
              pointsize of the Postscript, OPTION1, or TrueType font

       -quality <value>
              JPEG/MIFF/PNG compression level

       -resize <width>x<height>{%}{@}{!}{<}{>}
              resize an image

       -rotate <degrees>{<}{>}
              apply Paeth image rotation to the image

       -sampling_factor <horizontal_factor>x<vertical_factor>
              sampling  factors  used  by  JPEG  or  MPEG-2  encoder  and  YUV
              decoder/encoder.

       -scenes <value-value>
              range of image scene numbers to read

       -shadow <radius>x<sigma>
              shadow the montage

       -sharpen <radius>x<sigma>
              sharpen the image

       -size <width>x<height>{+offset}
              width and height of the image

       -stroke <color>
              color to use when stroking a graphic primitive

       -strokewidth <value>
              set the stroke width

       -texture <filename>
              name of texture to tile onto the image background

       -tile <geometry>
              layout of images [montage]

       -title <string>
              assign title to displayed image [animate, display, montage]

       -transparent <color>
              make this color transparent within the image

       -treedepth <value>
              tree depth for the color reduction algorithm

       -trim  trim an image

       -type <type>
              the image type

       -verbose
              print detailed information about the image

              For a more detailed description of each  option,  see  ImageMag-
              ick(1).


X RESOURCES
       Montage  options  can  appear on the command line or in your X resource
       file. Options on the command line supersede values specified in your  X
       resource file. See X(1) for more information on X resources.

       All  montage options have a corresponding X resource. In addition, mon-
       tage uses the following X resources:

       background (class Background)
              background color

              Specifies the preferred color to use  for  the  composite  image
              background.  The default is #ccc.

       borderColor (class BorderColor)
              border color

              Specifies  the  preferred  color  to use for the composite image
              border. The default is #ccc.

       borderWidth (class BorderWidth)
              border width

              Specifies the width in pixels of the composite image border. The
              default is 2.

       font (class Font)
              font to use

              Specifies  the name of the preferred font to use when displaying
              text within the composite image. The default is 9x15, fixed,  or
              5x8 determined by the composite image size.

       matteColor (class MatteColor)
              color of the frame

              Specify  the color of an image frame. A 3D effect is achieved by
              using highlight and shadow colors derived from this  color.  The
              default value is #697B8F.

       pen (class Pen)
              text color

              Specifies the preferred color to use for text within the compos-
              ite image.  The default is black.

       title (class Title)
              composite image title

              This resource specifies the title to be placed at the top of the
              composite  image. The default is not to place a title at the top
              of the composite image.

ENVIRONMENT
       DISPLAY
              To get the default host, display number, and screen.

ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
       The MIT X Consortium for making network transparent graphics a reality.


       Michael  Halle, Spatial Imaging Group at MIT, for the initial implemen-
       tation of Alan Paeth's image rotation algorithm.


       David Pensak, ImageMagick Studio, for providing a computing environment
       that made this program possible.


SEE ALSO
       display(1),  animate(1),  import(1),  mogrify(1),  convert(1),  compos-
       ite(1), ImageMagick(1)


COPYRIGHT
       Copyright (C) 2002 ImageMagick Studio

       Permission is hereby granted, free of charge, to any person obtaining a
       copy  of  this  software and associated documentation files ("ImageMag-
       ick"), to deal in ImageMagick without  restriction,  including  without
       limitation the rights to use, copy, modify, merge, publish, distribute,
       sublicense, and/or sell copies of ImageMagick, and to permit persons to
       whom  the  ImageMagick  is furnished to do so, subject to the following
       conditions:

       The above copyright notice and this permission notice shall be included
       in all copies or substantial portions of ImageMagick.

       The software is provided "as is", without warranty of any kind, express
       or implied, including  but  not  limited  to  the  warranties  of  mer-
       chantability,  fitness  for a particular purpose and noninfringement.In
       no event shall ImageMagick Studio be liable for any claim,  damages  or
       other  liability,  whether in an action of contract, tort or otherwise,
       arising from, out of or in connection with ImageMagick or  the  use  or
       other dealings in ImageMagick.

       Except  as contained in this notice, the name of the ImageMagick Studio
       LLC shall not be used in advertising or otherwise to promote the  sale,
       use  or  other dealings in ImageMagick without prior written authoriza-
       tion from the ImageMagick Studio.

AUTHORS
        John Cristy, ImageMagick Studio LLC,
       Glenn Randers-Pehrson, ImageMagick Studio LLC.




ImageMagick                Date: 2002/02/15 01:00:00                montage(1)